Navigation :

Ubuntu 16 server note

Prelude

This article is mainly to help experienced user install and setup Ubuntu 16 LTS Server. If you are looking for the information for Ubuntu 14, please go to the page Ubuntu 14 server setup

Prerequisites

You are familiar with Ubuntu, at least you have some experience working on Linux system.
You are familiar with basic bash/shell command

Wireless Setup

If you install ubuntu server on a laptop, you might end up to setup the wifi first. Usually you won’t bring the cable with your laptop wherever you go, also you might just have no cable or run out all cables. Now let’s dive into how to setup the wifi on sever.

Find out network control installed on your laptop. The column link lists the name of interfaces. The interface name on your laptop will be possible slightly a bit different. It depends on laptop maker. Basically the interface with the type wlan is your wifi interface.

networkctl

You will see network interfaces on your laptop. enp1s0 is the ethernet interface., and wlp3s0 is your wifi interface

IDX LINK           TYPE         OPERATIONAL              SETUP
    1   lo         loopback     n/a                      unmanaged
    2   enp1s0     ether        n/a                      unmanaged
    3   wlp3s0     wlan         n/a                      unmanaged

Disable IP V6 if you don’t use it. (Highly recommanded for personal laptop user)

Add following setting to file /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

Reconfigure by running the following command

sudo sysctl -p

## Check the ipv6 status. If you see 1 after running command below, it means ipv6
## has been disabled
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6

Find out the status wpa_supplicant

sudo systemctl status wpa_supplicant

## If you find "disabled" in the output, you can simply enable it as below

sudo systemctl enable wpa_supplicant

Find out your wifi ESSID

sudo iwlist wlp3s0 scan | grep ESSID

## If you get error message like "network is down", use ifconfig to bring it up and 
## re-run previous commmand    
sudo ifconfig wlp3s0 up

Setup the wpa passphrase for your wifi

   ## Use following command to add pass phrase to your wpa_supplicant
   ## 
   ## wpa_passphrase <your-ESSID> <your-passphrase> | sudo tee /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

   ## If your ESSID is mywifi and password of wifi is mypasswork, then you will end up the 
   ## command below
   wpa_passphrase mywifi mypasswork | sudo tee /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

Config your wpa supplicant for your wifi interface and run the comand as background process

   sudo wpa_supplicant -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -i wlp3s0 > /dev/null 2>1& &

Add SSID scan into config /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

network={
    ssid="mywifi"
    #psk="mypassword"
    psk=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    scan_ssid=1
}

Get IP address from external DHCP

  sudo dhclient wlp3s0

  ## Check the ip address
  ifconfig wlp3s0

Wifi Trouble Shooting

There is no ip address assigned to your wifi interface
- Check out the wpa_supplicant status sudo systemctl status wpa_supplicant
- If you find some error like ‘Failed to construct signal’, it means some network service has been disabled
sudo systemctl list-unit-files --state disabled | grep network
- Enable systemd-networkd.service, networking.service if they are disabled
The error message comes after the dhclient
- Enable the squid.service
Auto connect to wifi on Starup

sudo cp /lib/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant.service /etc/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant.service

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant.service

Replace the following line ExecStart=/sbin/wpa_supplicant -u -s -O /run/wpa_supplicant with ExecStart=/sbin/wpa_supplicant -u -s -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -i wlp3s0
Add wifi interface into auto startup file /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo net loopback

auto wlp3s0
iface wlp3s0 net dchp

UFW setup

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
sudo ufw allow ssh
sudo ufw allow 443/tcp
sudo ufw allow 8000/tcp

SSH server setup

!!! For production environment, SSH should be secured by the CA

sudo apt-get install openssh-server 

## backup default config 
sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.factory-defaults
sudo chmod a-w /etc/ssh/sshd_config.factory-defaults

## use any editor to update sshd_config 
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config 

## uncomment  PasswordAuthentication yes to allow remote password login
## Password authentication is only for test environment

## setup ssh auto-start onboot
sudo update-rc.d ssh defaults

!!! Install the software-properties-common Package

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common python-software-properties

Time Zone setup

sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

Install tmux

sudo apt-get install tmux

Most useful tmux commands

Ctrl+b “ — split pane horizontally.

Ctrl+b % — split pane vertically.

Ctrl+b arrow key — switch pane.

Hold Ctrl+b, don’t release it and hold one of the arrow keys — resize pane.

Ctrl+b c — ©reate a new window.

Ctrl+b , — rename reate a new window.

Ctrl+b n — move to the (n)ext window.

Ctrl+b p — move to the (p)revious window.

Install git

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git

install docker CE (Ubuntu 16 LTS)


## Update the apt package index
sudo apt-get update

## Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS
sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    software-properties-common

## Add Docker’s official GPG key
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -



## Verify the last 8 characters of the fingerprint.
sudo apt-key fingerprint xxxxxxxx


##   set up the stable repository
sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

## apt update 
sudo apt-get update

## install docker CE
sudo apt-get install docker-ce

Install JDK 8

Downlaod the JDK from Oracle website.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

java -version

Setup environment

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default

sudo su
cat >> /etc/environment <<EOL
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
JRE_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre
EOL

Test JDK with a simple HelloWorld program

import java.util.Calendar;

class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        int year = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
        int month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
        int day = cal.get(Calendar.DATE);
        int hour = cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
        int minute = cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
        String username = System.getProperty("user.name");
        System.out.println(username+ ": Hello World! ");
        System.out.println(year + "/" + month + "/" + day + " " + hour + ":" + minute);
    }
}

Compile and run the program

javac HelloWorld.java
java HelloWorld.java

Install nodejs

Install Nodejs 8.x


curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

Install latest npm, yarn and ts

sudo npm install -g npm
sudo npm install -g typescript
sudo mpm install -g yarn

Install PHP

Add new repo

sudo apt-get install -y python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt-get update -y

apt-cache pkgnames | grep php7.2

Option 1: Install LAMP stack

sudo apt-get install -y apache2
sudo apt-get install -y php7.2 libapache2-mod-php7.2 php7.2-cli php7.2-common \
    php7.2-mbstring php7.2-gd php7.2-intl php7.2-xml php7.2-mysql php7.1-mcrypt php7.2-zip

Option 2: Install LEMP stack

sudo apt-get install -y nginx
sudo apt-get install -y php7.2 php7.2-fpm php7.2-cli php7.2-common php7.2-mbstring \
    php7.2-gd php7.2-intl php7.2-xml php7.2-mysql php7.1-mcrypt php7.2-zip

Disable Apache and Nginx if you install both

sudo systemctl disable apache2.service
sudo systemctl disable nginx.service

Install Python2, Python3

Ubuntu has python2 installed by default

sudo apt-get python-pip 
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo apt-get install python3-dev python-dev

## Install virtualenv 
sudo pip install virtualenv
sudo pip3 install virtualenv

Install Go

Install Go

wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz


## check hash
shasum -a 256 go*linux-amd64.tar.gz

## install tar ball
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xvzf go1.9.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

Setup GOROOT by overwriting the file /etc/environment with following content

PATH="/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle"
JRE_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre"
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"

Setup GOPATH by adding following lines to the end of .profile

export GOPATH="$HOME/ws/go"
export GOBIN="$GOPATH/bin"
export PATH="$GOPATH/bin:$PATH"

Create a simple hello.go file to test

package main                                                        
                                                                        
import (                                                            
    "fmt"                                                           
    "log"                                                           
    "os/user"                                                       
)

func main(){                                                        
    user, err := user.Current()                                 
    if err != nil {                                             
        log.Fatal(err)                                      
    }                                                                 
    fmt.Printf(user.Name + " said : Hello World! \n" )      
}

Run the program

go run $GOPATH/src/hello.go
go install $GOPATH/src/hello.go
$GOBIN/hello

Install clang & cmake

sudo apt-get install clang
sudo apt-get install cmake

Install Rust

$ curl -f -L https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh -O
$ sh rustup.sh